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      Tarot (also known as Tarock, Tarokk, Taroky, Taroc, Tarok, Tarocchi and similar names) is a family of trick taking card games played with an enlarged deck of 78 cards which include an extra court card for each of the four regular suits, a permanent trump suit of 21 cards, and a kind of "wild card" called "the Fool" or "Excuse." Although seen primarily by many as a means of fortune telling or divination, the Tarot deck was created in northern Italy during the 15th century for playing card games. The notion of a trump suit which survives in such popular card games as Spades and Hearts originated with the game of Tarot.

      The myth of Egyptian origins of Tarot, while once common, has long been debunked by later scholars. There is also no record of Tarot cards being used for the occult or divination prior to the 18th century. The Tarot card readings popular at Renaissance Fairs are a creative license taken with historical fact and should not be viewed as authentic. Contrary to popular belief, conventional playing cards were not derived from Tarot decks and the Fool is unrelated to the Joker of conventional playing cards. The Joker was created in the USA during the 19th century originally for the card game Euchre. There are two types of Tarot deck:

The Italian suited Tarot

      The traditional Italian suited deck of coins, cups, swords, and batons is currently favored by those using Tarot for divination, although in some countries such as Italy and Switzerland such decks are still used for game playing. Those practicing Tarot divination often call the coins "pentacles" and the batons "wands." With few exceptions, the trump scenes of Italian suited Tarots differ little from deck to deck and are often seen by Tarot readers as containing symbolic meaning. The depictions of a Popess (II) and Pope (V) on Italian suited Tarots have been controversial in some areas. In Switzerland, these images were replaced by depictions of Juno (II) and Jupiter (V). In Bologna Italy, the papal figures along with the Empress (III) and the Emperor (IV) were replaced by four Moorish figures which are unnumbered and act as trumps of equal rank in the Bolognese variety of Tarocchi. The Italian or Spanish suit system is not confined to Tarot cards. This suit system is a common regional pattern of conventional playing cards in Southern Europe and in Latin America.

The French suited Tarot

      The more modern deck using the French or international suits of diamonds, hearts, spades, and clubs is now used in such countries as France and Austria for game playing. In France and in southern Germany , the Roman numerals have been abandoned in favor of Arabic numbers, while in some countries such as Austria, the Roman numerals are still used. The trump images of French suited Tarots often depict arbitrary scenes of people at work and at play, animals both actual and mythological, and landscapes of regional locales. In some regions, such as Austria and southern Germany, the deck is shortened to 54 cards by the removal of the lowest ranking pip cards. Unlike the Italian suited decks, there is a great variety of imagery on the trump cards of French suited Tarots. On French suited Tarot decks, the Fool is often depicted as a musician, a harlequin, or some other kind of entertainer. French suited Tarots are seldom used for divination.

Common rules of play

      In each trick, players must follow suit if possible. If following suit is not possible, a trump card must be played. If players are void in the suit played and are also void in trumps, then any card can be played. The winner of a trick leads the next. There is considerable variation on how the Fool or Excuse is used. In countries such as France and Italy, the Fool is a "wild card" which may be played to any trick to avoid having to follow suit while in some regions such as Austria and southern Germany, the Fool is simply the highest trump. Many modern Tarot games incorporate bidding to determine who will become the taker and play alone against the other players. In some Tarot card games with four or more players, the taker calls a king or a high ranking trump to choose a partner who's identity remains secret until the called card is played.
The values of the cards where "n" is often equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the type of game one is playing are given as follows:
Trump XXI (21), Trump I (1), the Excuse or Fool, and the 4 kings are worth 4 + 1/n each
The 4 queens are worth 3 + 1/n each
The 4 cavaliers or knights are worth 2 + 1/n each
The 4 jacks are worth 1 + 1/n each
All other cards are worth 1/n each
The usual goal of Tarot card games is to score the most card points along with any other bonus points which might also be available depending on which regional variant one is playing.

Tarot reading and divination

      Although originally designed for card playing, Tarot cards are commonly seen by many as a tool for divination especially in regions where Tarot card games remain largely unknown. There are numerous decks published nowadays dedicated for divination purposes. The most well known deck designed for divination or to "gain insight" is the Rider Waite Smith Tarot. To use the cards for divination, one arranges them in a pattern. Such patterns, usually cross-shaped, are known as "throws" or "spreads." The "querent," that is the one seeking the Tarot reading, shuffles the deck and asks the card reader a question. The question might be of a "yes" or "no" type or of a more general nature. The reader arranges the cards into the spread of choice and supposedly attempts to answer the question by using the cards as a guide. The divinatory interpretation of a Tarot card often depends on whether the direction of the card is upright or reversed or by its juxtaposition with other cards. Sometimes only 22 cards of the Tarot deck are used. These cards, called the "Major Arcana" by Tarot readers, include the 21 trumps and the Fool. The remaining 56 cards are called the "Minor Arcana."

      Not all Tarot readers call themselves "fortune tellers" when they claim they do not technically use the cards for predictive purposes. In recent years, "psychological" interpretations, rather than paranormal ones, have governed the context in which many Tarot readings are seen. Such Tarot readings are said to be "introspective" in character and make no supernatural or prophetic claims. Tarot card reading has also recently become popular in some circles as a brainstorming tool in efforts to boost one's creativity. However, it should be noted that, there is no empirical evidence of any psychic phenomena or of any therapeutic benefits of Tarot card readings.

      People often wonder how tarot cards that are picked from a deck in a random order can possibly relate to a persons life in a meaningful way. It is generally excepted that tarot does not necessary tell you the action you should take in a given situation, but instead gives you the options or the different directions you can take. There are many theories behind how tarot can be so effective. We will look at two of the main theories behind tarot in this article. The first of these theories on how tarot reading works is synchronicity. It is believed that the universe will guide us in the proper direction through coincidence. Basically these are signs that say "hay you, do this" or "you should try this." Synchronicity and tarot can be explained partially through the use of quantum mechanics. Without going into a full blown discussion on quantum mechanics, it is safe to say there are forces in quantum mechanics that have a very real effect on physical objects. It is believed that these energies are what influences the cards it tarot reading.

      The next theory of tarot is projection. Some believe that we project our believes and thoughts onto the tarot reading and get the outcome we expect. In other words you find that which you seek. If this theory of tarot is indeed true, then tarot can become a very useful tool. What I mean by this, is it can help you connect to your true desires, emotions and feeling that are harbored in your subconscious mind. Tarot reading in terms of looking into our subconscious could be related to the ink blot test we are all familiar with. I would have to say at this point that tarot is more an aid in discovering what is inside and a way to talk with your higher self.

      To perform a tarot reading you do not need a psychic, but some believe a psychic is better for the energy they provide. There are two distinct types of tarot readings. The first is the question tarot. This is where you use the tarot reading to answer a specific question. Typically you are looking for a yes or no answer. Try to look at this type of tarot reading as a guide in helping you make a decision. When asking the question try to ask it in a general overview with some detail, but not overly detailed. When asking a question in tarot it is also best to focus the question around you. What I mean by this is ask questions on what you can do to change, improve or alter the situation. It is also best to ask the question in a neutral way. Try not to ask the question from strictly one point of view. This will give you a broader range of possible answers and solutions. Of course when doing a tarot you want to stay positive in your questions and expectations. The next type of tarot is what is called an open reading. This type of tarot reading is designed to give you a broad overview of your life. When doing this type of tarot reading you can get a little specific and get information on areas like love, money, health and relationships.

      When a tarot is done, typically the person receiving the reading will shuffle the cards. This is the time to stay in the moment and focus on what you want to find out from the tarot reading. After the deck has been shuffled the person doing the tarot reading will place the cards out in a spread. In the tarot reading the placement of the cards in the spread has meaning along with the card itself. Different tarot spreads are used depending on the nature of your question, the reader and time permitting. Surprisingly tarot can be extremely accurate. I highly suggest people give it a try and experiment with tarot reading. I think you may be surprised at the answers you come up with, along with the problems solved.